The novel “To Kill A Mockingbird” is a book that takes many turns which makes it not easy to put down. The story is told by Scout Finch who is the daughter of the main character, Atticus Finch. The story is focused around a trial where Atticus Finch has to defend Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson is a man being accused of raping women. In Maycomb, Alabama at the time, racism was a problem. The color of Tom’s skin is what brings main comments and questions up. The book goes through the struggles that Atticus has when defending Tom Robinson. This trial brings out the best and the ultimate worst of different people. For Jem and Scout, the ways they see the world changes after the trial. The novel “To Kill A Mockingbird” exemplifies contrasting personalities and symbolism to make a moral novel that can be learned from.
Harper Lee was born in Alabama on April 28, 1926. Her father, Amasa Coleman, was a lawyer just like Atticus Finch in the book. Many of the people that were part of Harper Lee’s life were also conveyed in the book. Another example is her older brother. In the book Scout has an older brother who is adventurous yet careful at times. Harper Lee grew up in Alabama and wrote the book around 1960. At this time African Americans were being held from their natural rights that they had. The Emancipation Proclamation was only issued in 1963. As Harper Lee grew up in Alabama at this time, she saw much discrimination against African Americans which led to inspiration for the book. Harper Lee attended college to become a lawyer like her father but dropped out to pursue her writing career. Truman Capote was a writer who was part of Harper Lee’s life. His summer visits inspired the character Dill in the story. Many of the characters and conflicts of the story reflect on what Harper Lee saw throughout her life.
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Harper Lee uses characters that have personalities that can be. For example, Scout is a young girl who not afraid to say anything. She doesn’t understand many things but still says things about it. Jem is her older brother who is more mature. Jem is more understanding about what happens around him. He is very particular about what Atticus thinks of him. This leads to Atticus who is an older father. He is very modest and true to his word. Through all his struggles in the book he stays true to what he thinks is right. For example he says courage is, “it’s when you know you’re licked before you begin but you see it through no matter what.” Quotes like these make Atticus a very big role model for the kids. In the novel, when Atticus was confronted by Bob Ewell, he had a choice. Bob Ewell was so mad that Atticus was defending a black man that he spit on his face. Atticus stood there and didn’t do anything back. He took the shot Bob gave and retuned it with nothing. This shows the character and moral values Atticus has. Atticus also says it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird because they don’t do anything wrong but make music for others.
The symbol of a mockingbird is used with the characters Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. Both of them do not do anything harmful but are in their own way “killed”. Boo Radley is a mysterious man who is described as a “malevolent phantom”. He is know for kill his father with scissors. Many people will not go near his house. He is never seen and no one knows much about him. The kids come to see that this is not entirely true. Boo leaves gifts for the kids in a tree. This shows the irony in the accusations the people put on Boo Radley. He also covers Scout with a blanket, when no one is looking, at the fire in the neighborhood. It shows that he isn’t really just a mean guy but one who is misunderstood. Tom Robinson is accused for a crime that he had nothing to do with because of his class and color. Tom was only trying to help but instead got caught at the wrong place at the wrong time. This leads him to being convicted and eventually dying.
Another reason this novel is amazing is because of the real life moral values it has. The book tackles the perspectives of racism with Tom Robinson and Bob Ewell. Bob Ewell accuses Tom of the crime because he can. At that time period many white people were allowed to do whatever they felt like because they were the upper class. Tom could not do anything but accept the false accusations. This is when Atticus comes in and helps Tom who can’t help himself. Atticus who is white, defending a black man. To most of the county that is something they were unfamiliar with. This is what makes Atticus a respected man by a part of the county and by all of the black community.
The maturity of Jem and Scout is a theme that is very evident by the end of the book. In the beginning Jem and Scout are blinded by a world where everyone is nice to each other. They don’t know about the racism and the nasty side of there county. To them the worst thing they encounter is Boo Radley. The first time they face reality is when they enter the court trial of Tom Robinson. They see all the black people segregated on the top of the court house. All the white men are curing out Tom in the front. Then they say their father who was also taking insults for his choice to do what’s right. In the court house they see and hear all the evidence of the crime. They realize that is wasn’t Tom who did it. As they watch the final verdict come out they hear that he is guilty. This heart break solidifies all the evil in the county. Jem and Scout witness it first hand. There is nothing they can do about it but think about why it is like this.
Respiratory And Circulatory System
The human body is comprised of multiple separate systems that work together to maintain homeostasis, regular, stable internal conditions. The maintenance of internal function depends on a variety of variables: body temperature, fluid balance, concentration of sodium, potassium and calcium ions, and blood sugar levels. The respiratory system is responsible for the function of a series of organ in taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is responsible for the organ system that pumps blood throughout the body to transport nutrients help fight diseases, stabilize temperature and pH. The two systems work together to provide oxygen to organ tissues so that they may function properly. All systems as a whole rely on one another for stable functions, but the respiratory and circulatory systems work together in seeing through most important factor to homeostasis.
The heart pumps blood to and from the lungs in a process that eliminate carbon dioxide, a metabolic waste, and enriches the blood with oxygen. The respiratory system includes the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm. Respiration occurs when we inhale allowing oxygen to enter through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen travels through the larynx and trachea which splits into two attaching to both the left and right lungs as it again splits of into bronchi. In the lungs, the bronchial tube divides once again into small tubes that connect to alveoli.
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Alveoli are sac-like air spaces in the lungs where exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place. The oxygen passes through and diffuses through the capillaries, while the carbon-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon into the alveoli which then follows the path the oxygen took to exit the body. The contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm triggers the chain which reaction that is breathing. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that spans the width below the chest cavity. The contraction expands the diaphragm pulling oxygen into the lungs. When it relaxes carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs after the exchange in the alveoli.
The circulatory system’s major organ is the heart, it also includes the blood vessels that travel through the whole body. Veins and arteries are the bloods vessels that carry blood throughout the body. Veins transport oxygen-poor blood toward the heart: arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. The system work in three distinct parts: pulmonary circulation- to and from the heart and lungs, coronary circulation- the movement of blood through the tissues of the heart, and systemic circulation- which supplies nourishment to all the body’s tissues. Blood travels through the four chambers of the heart. The pulmonary artery carries carbon-rich blood to the lungs right traveling through the right atrium and right ventricle. In the lungs the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place in the alveoli. The now oxygen-rich blood travels out of the lungs through the pulmonary vein passes through the left atrium and left ventricle out to nourish organ tissues: brain, bones, skin, kidney, gastrointestinal organs, spleen, liver, among the rest. Complications in the circulatory system causes complications in the respiratory system and throws off homeostasis throughout the whole body, because organs are not receiving the oxygen needed to work effectively. Such complications arise in individuals with sickle cell anemia, diabetes, and HIV. The sickle patient we diagnosed, tested and treated, proved to have poor lung capacity.
As a group of doctors we determined the cause to be linked to acute chest syndrome which is caused by the mutation of hemoglobin, the red blood cell tasked with carrying oxygen, into a C-shape that clogs the capillaries directly interfering with the delivery of oxygen. Our diagnosis was confirmed when the blood smear showed the patients blood cells to be deformed in the C-shape earlier described. An individual with diabetes may show symptoms of kussmaul breathing, or rapid breathing, a result of diabetic ketoacidosis, a short term complication of diabetes caused by high blood glucose levels and high levels of ketones in the blood. The patient we determined to have diabetes also showed results for poor lung capacity. Because AIDS weakens the immune system making it more susceptible to infection, lung infections that lead to shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. The immune system heavily relies of the helper t cell to fight off infection, but because HIV targets and kills these cells, the circulatory lacks white blood cells and the capability to adequately fight off infection. Our fourth patient also resulted to have poor lung capacity, but in was in due to hormonal effects that loosen ligaments causing the increase of the chest diameter and flared ribs then in which causes the lung capacity to decrease. In order to maintain a healthy relationship between the circulatory and respiratory system, people must take up a healthy lifestyle to strengthen the lungs and supply the body will natural energy.
Running trains the lungs to keep a steady breathing rhythm to develop by requiring the circulatory system to pump blood faster throughout the body. Straying from straining lungs through bad habits, such as smoking, is key in keeping your lungs healthy and strong. Oxygen is necessary for tissue cells to obtain energy. The respiratory and circulatory work together to ensure that the organs in our body receive oxygen nourishment so that our other body systems, such as digestive, immune, and reproductive system may then work as expected. Our year-long lesson and labs that involved evaluating the body’s function have provided a solid knowledge of the body systems functions in working collectively to maintain homeostasis.