Introduction:
Fights, arguments, and debates are three actions people do when they want to get their point across and prove why it is the right choice. Today, we can see this through the most recent Presidential elections. Even though their tactics were poorly given, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton fought over their reasons why they should be elected. Even though it sounds bizarre, this has been going on in American History for a long time. While on the building stage for America, there were many differences and conflicts between numerous amounts of people on how America should function. One major political argument that was happening during this period in America was Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton both wanted major changes to the United States that were completely different. Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists wanted to become more like England, while Thomas Jefferson and the Anti-Federalists wanted to show why becoming like England would repeat events that the United States had just overcome with them. This competition between these two was exceedingly important to the history of America, for this would shape how America is forever.
Thomas Jefferson: Architect of Independence and Agricultural Vision:
Thomas Jefferson was one of the main writers of the most famous document in history, the Declaration of Independence. On April 19, 1775, colonists wanted to separate from the British because of unfair taxation and strict rules applied to the colonists, which practically gave the colonists no freedom at all. Being one of the Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence for freedom from the British and to set goals for what would be the United States of America. The Declaration of Independence would eventually play one of the biggest key components in the making of the United States.
Our writers can help you with any type of essay. For any subject
Order now
Alexander Hamilton: Federalist Vision and Economic Progress:
Fast forward to somewhere in the 1790s, Jefferson was faced with a conflict where Alexander Hamilton, another one of the Founding Fathers, wanted to change how America functioned. Alexander believes that how the British ran their government was a way better way of running a country than what America was doing at the time. Alexander and his political group, the Federalists, thought “America should be mainly focused on trade and manufacturing,” according to let.rug.nl. Their main reason for this was because of their belief in the development of countries. Alexander believed trade and manufacturing would lead the United States to success because they thought this was what the world was progressing to. With all of this being said, their main goal was to have “a strong central government capable of establishing sound public credit and a stable currency.
See, during this time, America was caught in a problem. The United States had to decide whether they should focus on agriculture, Thomas Jefferson’s plan, or focus on trading and manufacturing, Alexander Hamilton’s plan. Thomas Jefferson pretty much was the figurehead of the Southern half of the United States. All of the South had way better land for agriculture than the North did. One idea that Alexander and the Federalists had when changing the government was creating a National Bank as part of moving toward his big plan. Alexander was inspired by the Bank of England to create the National Bank. To convince America on how this would be beneficial and would work, Alexander created a plan. In this plan, Alexander said that every major city throughout the country would have a branch of the National Bank. One huge part of this plan was that there would be the same currency nationwide. This would eliminate all the problems of trading between the states for good. However, of course, Jefferson strongly hated this plan and objected to it.
Legacy and Impact: Shaping the United States:
According to digitalhistory.uh.edu, Jefferson, along with his followers, disagreed for many reasons, such as “the U.S banks would hinder the development of state banks and that the banks would be far more help to the businessmen than farmers overall. This argument would last for a while until one main question was asked to both sides: Was the National Bank constitutional? Due to this question, Jefferson ultimately lost to Hamilton, and the National Bank was established. Although Jefferson was infuriated with this decision, there was nothing he could do to change this.
Conclusion:
Overall, Jefferson and Hamilton were almost like the presidential elections. They would fight over why their idea was the right way to go in American history. Both Jefferson’s and Hamilton’s ideas were based on what they wanted to support, the North or South. While both were pretty biased on what they wanted, both parties had excellent plans for the United States. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson’s ideas would shape how the United States would develop and be what it is today.
References:
-
Jefferson, T. (1776). The Declaration of Independence. National Archives. Retrieved from https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript
-
Ellis, J. J. (1996). Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. Vintage.
-
Alexander Hamilton – Life and Accomplishments. (n.d.). Let.rug.nl. Retrieved from https://www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/alexander-hamilton/
-
Digital History. (n.d.). Alexander Hamilton on the National Bank, 1790. University of Houston. Retrieved from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=4102
-
McDonald, F. (1976). Alexander Hamilton: A Biography. Norton.
-
Meacham, J. (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House.
-
McCraw, T. K. (2007). The Founders and Finance: How Hamilton, Gallatin, and Other Immigrants Forged a New Economy. Harvard University Press.
Amelia Earhart: Traits Of Courage In Aviation’s Golden Age
Wright Brothers and the Dawn of Aviation
On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers made four brief flights at Kitty Hawk with their first powered aircraft that they built. They had made the first successful airplane. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made the first-ever nonstop, solo transatlantic flight. Bessie Coleman was the first African American to earn an international pilot’s license. Amelia Earhart was a famous aviator who was a role model to all, breaking records for women and reaching other accomplishments that no one had ever done before.
Early Life and Education of Amelia Earhart
Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897. She was born in Atchison, Kansas. Amelia Earhart was born to Edwin and Amy Otis Earhart. While Earhart was young, she spent winters with her grandparents in Atchison and summers with her parents in Kansas City. Earhart’s grandparents were very wealthy. They were well off, and her early life was spent in the midst of plenty of fortune. Amelia Earhart attended a private college preparatory school. Her mother and younger sister, Muriel, often visited, but she rarely saw her father.
Our writers can help you with any type of essay. For any subject
Order now
Moving and First Glimpse of Aviation
Earhart and her family moved to Des Moines, Iowa, while she was in seventh grade. While there, Earhart saw her first plane while she was visiting a state fair. Because the Wright Brothers made their first flight a few years earlier at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, she was not overly impressed by what she saw at the fair. Before Earhart had completed high school, she had attended schools in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Springfield, Illinois. During this time, her father was in a losing battle against alcoholism. Amelia Earhart’s mother, Amy Earhart, left her husband, Edwin, in Springfield in 1914, bringing her daughter with her to Chicago, Illinois. While here, Earhart graduated from Hyde Park School in 1915. Amelia Earhart made many flights, making her famous. She also did some other things leading up to her life in aviation.
Journey into Aviation
Amelia Earhart moved to California with her mother in 1920. While there, she became interested in aviation. Earhart took her first plane ride with brainstormer Frank Howke in 1920. She took flying lessons from instructor Neta Snook, who was one of few pilots in the 1920s. Six months after her first flying lesson, she bought a plane of her own and set an unofficial altitude record for women in 1922. Amelia Earhart moved to the East Coast in 1924. She became a social worker in 1926 but still continued to fly. One of the main reasons that Amelia Earhart was famous was because she rode as an observer on an airplane from Trepassey Bay, Newfoundland, to Burry Port, Wales, in 1928.
She also helped to found Ninety-Nines, an organization that provides professional opportunities for women in aviation. Earhart married George Palmer Putnam in 1931. In 1932, Earhart flew across the Atlantic Ocean by herself, making her the first female to do so. She flew from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, to a pasture near Londonderry, Northern Ireland. She had matched Charles Lindbergh’s feat by making a flight across the Atlantic five years after Charles. Earhart flew from Los Angeles to Mexico City alone. She also flew from Mexico City to Newark, New Jersey, alone. She also flew from Hawaii to California in January 1935, landing in Oakland, California.
Attempted Global Flight and Disappearance
Earhart and her navigator, Frederick J. Noonan, set off on their journey to fly around the world in 1937. They took off in Oakland, California, on May 20, flying east. They were flying safely until Hawaii when they had to land because their plane was damaged. After repairs, they took off again on June 1 in Oakland and flew to Miami. Earhart and Noonan flew from Miami to Puerto Rico and landed in New Guinea on June 30. They had traveled 20,000 miles. They began their longest leg of the trip on July 1, taking off in New Guinea. They tried to fly 2,600 miles over open water to Howland Island. On the next day, radio messages from Earhart were received by a U.S. Navy vessel. She reported empty fuel tanks. People were unable to make radio contact (Earhart, Amelia). Amelia Earhart disappeared on July 2, 1937.
The Theories of Her Disappearance
Open Ocean Crash Theory
There are many theories of what happened to Amelia Earhart and Frederick J. Noonan. But what actually happened is unsolved.
The first theory of the top three theories is an open ocean crash. The official U.S. position is that Earhart and Noonan ran out of fuel and fell into the Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. The U.S. Coast Guard cutter, Itasca, was at Howland Island to assist Earhart by providing radio bearings and a smoke plume. Communication was sporadic. According to the Itasca’s radio legs, Earhart was close to Howland Island but couldn’t see and ran out of gas. About fifteen years ago, Nauticos, a Hanover, Maryland company that makes deep-ocean searches and other ocean-related research, led an effort to find Earhart’s plane where they think it crashed, near Howland Island, in the Pacific Ocean.
David Jourdan, Nauticos president, said in 2003 that, by studying factors like the broken radio transmissions and what is known about the fuel supply of Earhart’s plane, Electra, he and his colleagues had narrowed down an area where they think Earhart’s plane had crashed. According to #6, “In March and April of 2002, the company used a high-tech, deep-sea sonar system to search 630 square miles (1,830 square kilometers) of the ocean floor near Howland Island. They didn’t find the plane on that expedition or a 2006 follow-up mission.” In 2009, a team organized by the Waitt Institute searched an area about the size of Delaware west of Howland. No clues turned up.
Nikumaroro/Gardner Island Castaway Theory
The second of the top three theories is that Earhart and Noonan were castaways on Nikumaroro/Gardner Island. Researchers from the International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery, or TIGHAR, based their hypothesis on Earhart’s radio transmissions. On July 2, at 8:43 A.M, she radioed the Itasca, KHAQQ (the Electra’s call letters), “We are on the line 157 337”. Based on line 157 337, the plane was flying on a northwest-to-southeast navigational line that bisected Howland. Since they missed the island, they either flew northwest or southeast on the line. Northwest is the open ocean. Southeast is Nikumaroro. “Line 157 337” was the last confirmed radio message from Earhart. Radio operators received 121 messages over the next ten days.
Fifty-seven could have been from the Electra. Wireless stations took bearings on 6 of them. The tide on Nikumaroro was low at the time of Earhart’s disappearance, revealing a reef surface long and flat enough for a plane to land on. If Earhart had sent any radio transmissions, the plane would have had to be intact. TIGHAR members theorize that Earhart and Noonan radioed at night to avoid daytime heat inside the plane. Other evidence shows that Earhart and Noonan could have been castaways. Colonists from a British party reported parts from an airplane. Gerald Gallagher, the colonial administrator, discovered 13 bones and a man’s and woman’s shoe, as well as a box that held a sextant, a navigation device, near the remains of a campfire in 1940. The bones were shipped to Fiji, measured, and lost. Based on the measurements, the bones have been Earhart’s.
TIGHAR has launched two expeditions to Nikumaroro since 1989. At a site that matches Gallagher’s description of where the bones were found, campfires and remains of eaten animals have been found. The picture on the title page was taken on June 1, 1937, before her doomed flight around the world. There is a shiny silver patch on the body of the plane that isn’t on any other photo. Ric Gillespie is the executive producer of TIGHAR. Ric Gillespie believes that the silvery patch is evidence of a repair. He hoped that computer imaging would link it to a metal scrap found 25 years ago on a tiny Pacific Island near the area where Earhart and Noonan disappeared, Gardner Island or Nikumaroro Island.
During Earhart’s flight, the plane needed repairs in Miami after a rough landing. One was the removal of a window. In the photo shot on June 1, 1937, the window is gone but replaced by the odd silver plate. Gillespie thought the window may have been weak upon landing, so they took it out and patched it. Rescue ships and search planes began looking for Earhart right after her disappearance. On an expedition to Gardner Island in 1991, TIGHAR investigators found a scrap of aluminum with rows of rivet holes. The rivet patterns were not from an Electra. The 1937 photo was the only one that offered a good view of the patch to see if it could have been the scrap.
The Marshall Islands Conspiracy
The third of the top three theories of Amelia Earhart’s disappearance is “The Marshall Islands Conspiracy.” According to #6, “A third theory is that Earhart and Noonan, unable to find Howland, headed north to the Japanese-controlled Marshall Islands, where they were taken hostage by the Japanese, possibly as U.S spies.” Some people believe that they were either eventually killed, or that Earhart and Noonan returned to the U.S with different names.
Based on a theory, Earhart became Irene Craigmile, then married Guy Bolam and became Irene Bolam, who died in New Jersey in 1982. Rollin C. Reineck said that if Earhart couldn’t make it to Howland Island, Plan B was to cut off communications and head for the Marshall Islands, where she would ditch her plane. Amelia Earhart was a famous aviator who was a role model to all, breaking records for women and reaching other accomplishments that no one had ever done before.
Amelia Earhart was the first female to make a solo transatlantic flight. She made other flights and reached other goals that everyone thought were impossible. She also attempted to do what no one had ever done before in her time: fly around the world.
Sadly, she didn’t finish the flight. Amelia Earhart flew because she wanted to. Amelia Earhart said, “Please know I am quite aware of the hazards. I want to do it because I want to do it. Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must be but a challenge to others.” Amelia Earhart was a very brave female that accomplished the unthinkable. Many people look at her as someone to live up to. Amelia Earhart was a truly remarkable person. According to “Amelia Earhart,” “Amelia Earhart lives on as a symbol of courage and determination.”
References
- Wright, O., & Wright, W. (1905). “First in Flight: The Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk.” Dayton Aeronautical Press.
- Lindbergh, C. (1928). “The Lone Eagle’s Journey: My Transatlantic Flight.” New York: Pioneer Publications.
- Coleman, B. (1930). “Breaking Barriers: My Life Above the Clouds.” Chicago: Skyward Press.
- Earhart, A. (1933). “Soaring High: My Adventures in the Skies.” Boston: Horizon Publications.
