It was a hard time in France, for the Hundred Year War was underway. The English were in control of much of France, until one 18 year old peasant girl came and led the French. How and why did this woman do this despite the laws and norms at the time? Joan of Arc was ordered to do so by three angels via her Clairaudience.
As a child, Miss d’Arc was in a very religious family. Joan of Arc was born in Domremy, France around January 6th in about 1412 as the youngest child of Jacques d’Arc, who was a tenant farmer, and her mother was a devout member of the Catholic Church. Because of her mother’s dedication to the church, Joan would often be brought there to learn several values on top of her lessons in spinning and sewing. See, because she was a woman in the time of the 100 Year War, women had to only be taught how to be a suitable wife, thus, peasant girls like Joan would learn how to spin, sew, and raise children by their mothers and sometimes the Catholic Church to encourage specific values. This was as far as Joan of Arc’s education would go: being a peasant, she was destined to be a fearful wife during the Hundred Year War. Due to the role of women back then, she would never learn to read or write. Today, her role is as a saint but back then, she didn’t really have a career, once again due to what was expected of her.
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The reason Joan of Arc is seen as as a hero and a rebel today is because she dressed as a man and went into a war. “Joan was put on trial and charged with witchcraft, heresy, and dressing like a man, among other crimes.”(Joan of Arc), which was discovered after French allies of the English captured her. These laws and social norms were in place because back then because all women had to do was raise children. The fact that women had one job and everyone was incredibly religious contributed to the mere existence of the trial of Joan of Arc and why she’s considered a rebel today. The role of women in varies from culture to culture, but during the middle ages, women like Joan were expected to behave according to biblical teachings. Especially in peasant or middle class families, where women had several responsibilities, such as caring for livestock. This was the same for women who lived in towns (Bovey, A. 2015).
As a child, Joan was a pretty normal girl; going to church with her mother, helping her parents with tending to the livestock and house, and learning how to be a suitable wife. That is, until she turned thirteen around 1425, when she began to hear voices. Today, we assume this was due to either a form of ESP called Clairaudience or Schizophrenia, but back in Joan’s time, she assumed they were the voices of three saints: specifically Saint Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine. These saints told the young lady “she was to save France by ridding it of English Control” (Joan of Arc). She was also ordered to reinstate Charles as the rightful king of France. In order to follow God’s will, she took a vow of chastity. However, she didn’t follow through until three years later, when her father arranged a marriage for her. Fortunately, Joan was able to convince the court that she shouldn’t be forced to accept who her father chose.
In spring of 1428, she traveled to a nearby stronghold that was loyal to Charles. Even though she was rejected by the local magistrate, Joan remained persistent; eventually, she attracted what was basically a small army who shared her beliefs. In time, the magistrate relented, and Joan chopped off her hair and dressed in men’s clothes. Afterwards, she made an 11 day journey to Chinon, where the crown prince’s palace was located. “Joan promised Charles she would see him crowned king at Reims, the traditional site of French royal investiture, and asked him to give her an army to lead to Orleans, then under siege from the English. Against the advice of most of his counselors and generals, Charles granted [Joan’s] request”(Joan of Arc, 2009). According to the same source, Joan won over Charles by revealing information only a messenger of God could know. When Joan received this army, they followed her because they believed she was the prophesized virgin that would save France.
Works Cited
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- Dolor, L.I. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh. New York: Columbia UP, 1998. Print.
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Adolf Hitler Ended Germany’s Democracy
Adolf Hitler ended Germany’s democracy and doomed six million Jews. To this day, Hitler is one of the cruelest people the world has ever seen because of his persecution of not only Jews but of 11 million people. After reading the book Night and completing my research on the topic of Adolf Hitler Birth – 1933, I have learned so much about the dark period known as the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler was reportedly distant and sometimes depressed as a child and some blame was cast towards growing up in a dysfunctional household. Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau an Inn, Austria. Growing up Hitler dealt with an aggressive father and many siblings’ deaths but what hit him the hardest was when his mother lost her fight with breast cancer on December 21, 1907. Hitler had artistic ambitions and dreams of becoming an artist but was rejected by The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna twice. After Hitler failed to become an artist, he later went into politics.
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Hitler first joined the politics as a member of the party known as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, which was the precursor of the Nazi Party. Hitler and his party, the Nazis, were not elected on their first run for power in Germany in 1924 but ran again. On November 6, 1932, Hitler only received 33% of the votes in the election. The Nazi party failed to win the election. On March 23, 1933 Hitler was elected to German parliament “The obstacle was the 84 year old president Von Hindenburg. He loathed Hitler. He would not make Hitler chancellor, he wrote, because the result would be a Nazi “party dictatorship according to Ted Gottfried in his Germany the Face of Tyranny on page 53. President Von Hindenburg died on August 2, 1934 making Hitler President and the army pledging to him. Hitler had high expectations coming into his job.
Hitler was elected chancellor of Germany by the people with the expectations to save them. He made immediate dramatic changes. “Hitler named Hermann Goring minister of the interior for the state of Prussia. In the post Goring created the Geheime Staatspolizei to eliminate political opponents. As stated by Ted Gottfried in his Nazi Germany the Face of Tyranny on page 54. Hitler turned Germany into a one-party dictatorship as quickly as he could. Hitler soon got his cabinet to declare a state of emergency, which enabled him to take people’s individual rights away. Hitler soon placed his people in state government by taking out the people that were originally elected.
Soon after Hitler was in charge, he began to make decisions based on his hatred and racism toward Jews. The Nazi party created a protective squad, which was a ruthless private army. They created the Gestapo who went door to door arresting people who spoke out against their ways. Hitler imagined the ideal human and was racist towards others. “The Nazis firmly believed they evolved from a mystic race called Aryans, who were blond and blue eyed. According to Herbert Biberman in The Master Race on page 24. Hitler took out his racism against the Jews by taking away their rights and belittling them.
Though Hitler did these unimaginable things a long time ago, his actions still haunt people today. They will not be forgotten, and it will be dreadfully remembered. After my thorough research on Adolf Hitler and the topic of his birth to 1933 and reading the book Night, I have been enlightened of the true horrors of the Holocaust and how tragic and traumatizing it really was. The challenge that is at hand for us now is to stand up and prevent hostile households for children and racism to save people from another event like this one.
Cited
- Gottfried, Ted, and Stephen Alcorn. Nazi Germany: the Face of Tyranny. Twenty-First Century Books, 2000.
- Biberman, Herbert. The Master Race. Publisher Herbert Biberman, 1945.
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/nazi-rule.
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/hitler-comes-to-power?series=21810
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-nazi-terror-begins
